Fundamentals of physical chemistry 0600-S1-ChK-ChF
Lecture (WYK) Winter semester 2022/23

Literature:

Basic reference materials:

P. W. Atkins, Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry, Scientific Publishing House, Warsaw 1999, 2002, 2009; in Polish, in English also available.

2. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, PWN Publishing House, Warsaw 2001, 2003, 2007, 2012; in Polish, in English also available.

K. Pigoń, Z Ruziewicz, Physical Chemistry, 1. Phenomenological Foundations, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2005, 2007; in Polish.

4. A. G. Whittaker, A. R. Mount, M. R. Heal, Physical Chemistry. Short lectures, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2004; in Polish, in English also available.

5. L. Sobczyk, A. Kisza, Physical Chemistry for Naturalists, PWN, Warsaw 1981; in Polish.

6. T.W. Hermann (ed.), Physical Chemistry: A Handbook for Pharmacy Students and Medical Analyzes, Medical Publishing House, Warsaw 2007; in Polish.

7. K. Sobner, A. Kisza, K. Gatner, A. Koll, Experimental Physical Chemistry, PWN, Warsaw 1982; in Polish.

8. J. Ceynowa, M. Litowska, R. Nowakowski, J. Ostrowska-Czubenko, Handbook for laboratory exercises with physical chemistry, Wydawnictwo UMK, Toruń 2006; in Polish.

9. J. Demichowicz-Pigoniowa, A. Olszowski, Physical Chemistry. T.3. Physicochemical calculations, Scientific Publishing House, Warsaw, 2010; in Polish.

10. Komorowski, A. Olszowski, Physical Chemistry. T.4. Laboratory of Physicochemistry, Scientific Publishing House, Warsaw, Poland; in Polish.

Additional literature:

1. W. Ufnalski, Physicochemical calculations on your PC, WNT, Warsaw 1997; in Polish.

2. K.-H. Lautenschläger, W. Schröter, A. Wanninger, Modern Compendium of Chemistry, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2007; in Polish.

3. Series: Lectures on Physical Chemistry, WNT, Warsaw (in Polish):

a. H. Buchowski, W. Ufnalski, Physicochemistry of gases and liquids, 1998.

b. H. Buchowski, W. Ufnalski, Solutions, 1995.

c. W. Ufnalski, Chemical equilibrium, 1995.

d. H. Buchowski, W. Ufnalski, Basics of Thermodynamics, 1998.

e. A. Molski, Introduction to chemical kinetics, 2009.

f. A. Kisza, Electrochemistry I, Jonika, 2000.

g. A. Kisza, Electrochemistry II, Electrodes, 2001.

Written exam covering the subjects taught during lectures and laboratories.

Examination subjects:

1. Basic concepts in thermodynamics: system, environment, work and heat, thermodynamic functions, first principle of thermodynamics, internal energy and enthalpy, chemical enthalpy, Hess law, second principle of thermodynamics, entropy of process, entropy reaction and spontaneity reaction, process free enthalpy, free reaction enthalpy and spontaneous reaction, free standard enthalpy.

2. Features of gas, liquid and solid. Description of the states of matter (pressure, temperature, amount of substance). Gases perfect and real. Kinetic theory of gases. Perfect and real gas equations. Liquids: Surface tension and liquid viscosity.

3. The quotient and constant chemical equilibrium, a description of the influence of external conditions on the state of equilibrium. Gibbs phase rule, phase diagrams of typical substances (water, carbon dioxide, carbon and helium), properties of non-electrolyte solutions (ideal and real solutions, molar part sizes, colligative properties of solutions), phase diagrams of two-component systems (volatile liquid solutions).

5. Basic concepts in kinetics (reaction rate, reaction rate, reaction order, molecularity, kinetic equation). Kinetic equations of the reaction. Differential and integral kinetic equations. Kinetics of simple reactions. Reaction kinetics with catalyst. Enzymatic reactions, Michaelis-Menten mechanism.

6. Conductivity of electrolyte solutions, strong and weak electrolytes. Influence of electrolyte concentration on its conductivity. Galvanic cells (types of half-cells and cells, rules for writing half-cell scheme, half-cell potential, electromotive force of the cell and its measurement). Half reactions in half-cells, the cell reaction. Electrochemical corrosion (corrosion protection).

7. The concept of physical and chemical adsorption, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Surfactants (basic structural features, surface tension, Gibbs excess isotherm). Basic features of dispersion systems. General characteristics and distribution of colloidal systems (phase, molecular and colloidal colloids). Durability of colloidal systems, coagulation.

Course content:

Basics of equilibrium thermodynamics: principles of thermodynamics, criteria of system behavior. Chemical potential of the component. States of matter. Balance of chemical reaction. Equilibrium of phase transitions. Properties of gases, liquids and solids. Chemical kinetics: basic concepts, mechanisms and kinetic equations of reaction. Catalysis. Surface phenomena and dispersion systems. Conductivity of electrolytes. Galvanic cells, half-cells. Electrochemical corrosion.

Laboratory content:

Experimental determination of selected physico-chemical quantities and interpretation of the obtained results. Experimental determination of thermodynamic quantities - changes in process enthalpy. Characterization of the liquid phase and its surface layer (surface tension). Experimental determination of reaction rates constant without and in the presence of homo- and heterogeneous catalysts. Determination of adsorption isotherms. Characteristics of colloidal systems (determining the coagulation threshold, critical micellar concentration, swelling of polymer gels). Measurement of conductivity of electrolyte solutions, conductometric titration. Galvanic cells and half-cells, potentiometric titration, pH measurement of solutions.

Lecture supported by the Power Point presentations