Kosmologia

physical cosmology:

hot big bang model (FLRW model, Hubble–Lemaître expansion, cosmic microwave background, primordial nucleosynthesis), Friedmann equations, Einstein static solution, Einstein-de Sitter model, scale-factor--time--redshift relations, comoving arc length, angular diameter distance, luminosity distance, cosmological paradoxes, LambdaCDM model, general-relativistic models and their observational foundations, galaxy formation

physical cosmology:

* hot big bang model (Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker model of spacetime as a family of simplified spacetimes that satisfy the Einstein equation);

* Hubble-Lemaitre expansion (Lemaître 1927) a normalised time derivative of the scale factor and as a key observation, cosmic microwave background (McKellar 1941 + Adams 1941) as a key observation, primordial nucleosynthesis as a key observation);

* derivation of the Friedmann equations;

* the Einstein static solution as an exact solution satisfying mainstream views of the observations of the 1910s;

* the Einstein-de Sitter model as an exact solution with no initial singularity;

* derivation of scale-factor--time--redshift relations;

* geometrically meaningful derivation of the comoving arc length (areal radius), angular diameter distance, and luminosity distance;

* cosmological paradoxes;

* LambdaCDM model versus general-relativistic models and their observational foundations;

* galaxy formation

• Liddle, A., (2000), (pl) "Wprowadzenie do kosmologii współczesnej", Warszawa: Proszyński i S-ka SA
• Liddle, A, (2015), (en) "An Introduction to Modern Cosmology, Third Edition", Wiley

More in-depth:

• Choose one of the thick cosmology books listed at https://cosmo.torun.pl/Cosmo/BibliotekaCosmo

The exam consists of questions randomly chosen from an N-dimensional parameter space of questions where N is much greater than 10. Each student is given rapid feedback and may ask for new questions in order to improve his/her score without limit, apart from the total time available. The expected examination time is about 2-3 hours, but students may continue to a maximum of 6.5 hours. K_W01, K_W03, K_W05, K_W08, K_U04, K_U07, K_K01

Grades are rounded using the "round half to even" algorithm.