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1.1. Biochemia

Informacje ogólne

Kod przedmiotu: 1655-LekM12BIOBIO-J
Kod Erasmus / ISCED: 12.1 Kod klasyfikacyjny przedmiotu składa się z trzech do pięciu cyfr, przy czym trzy pierwsze oznaczają klasyfikację dziedziny wg. Listy kodów dziedzin obowiązującej w programie Socrates/Erasmus, czwarta (dotąd na ogół 0) – ewentualne uszczegółowienie informacji o dyscyplinie, piąta – stopień zaawansowania przedmiotu ustalony na podstawie roku studiów, dla którego przedmiot jest przeznaczony. / (0912) Medycyna Kod ISCED - Międzynarodowa Standardowa Klasyfikacja Kształcenia (International Standard Classification of Education) została opracowana przez UNESCO.
Nazwa przedmiotu: 1.1. Biochemia
Jednostka: Katedra Biologii i Biochemii Medycznej
Grupy:
Punkty ECTS i inne: (brak) Podstawowe informacje o zasadach przyporządkowania punktów ECTS:
  • roczny wymiar godzinowy nakładu pracy studenta konieczny do osiągnięcia zakładanych efektów uczenia się dla danego etapu studiów wynosi 1500-1800 h, co odpowiada 60 ECTS;
  • tygodniowy wymiar godzinowy nakładu pracy studenta wynosi 45 h;
  • 1 punkt ECTS odpowiada 25-30 godzinom pracy studenta potrzebnej do osiągnięcia zakładanych efektów uczenia się;
  • tygodniowy nakład pracy studenta konieczny do osiągnięcia zakładanych efektów uczenia się pozwala uzyskać 1,5 ECTS;
  • nakład pracy potrzebny do zaliczenia przedmiotu, któremu przypisano 3 ECTS, stanowi 10% semestralnego obciążenia studenta.

zobacz reguły punktacji
Język prowadzenia: angielski
Wymagania wstępne:

(tylko po angielsku) Student beginning the course „Biochemistry” should have knowledge acquired during the course of study, especially in the field of the subject Molecular basis of metabolism and Molecular biology.

Całkowity nakład pracy studenta:

(tylko po angielsku) 1.The workload associated with activities requiring direct participation of academic teachers is:

- participation in lectures: 30 hours

- participation in tutorials: 33 hours

- participation in seminars: 12 hours

- consultation: 7 hours

- passing the tests: 4 hours

- passing the exam: 2 hours

The workload associated with classes requiring direct participation of academic teachers is 88 hours, which corresponds to 3.52 ECTS points


2. Balance of student workload:

- participation in lectures: 30 hours

- participation in tutorials: 33 hours

- participation in seminars: 12 hours

- preparation for tutorials and seminars: 10 hours

- writing tutorial reports: 3 hours

- reading the indicated literature: 10 hours

- consultation: 7 hours

- preparation for the test and passing the test: 10 hours

- preparation to the exam and the exam: 10 hours

The total student workload is 125 hours, which corresponds to 5 ECTS points


3. Workload related to scientific research:

- reading of the indicated scientific literature: 10 hours

- research and scientific consultations: 7 hours

- participation in lectures (including methodology of scientific research, results of research, studies): 30 hours

- participation in tutorials and seminars covered by scientific activity (including methodology of scientific research, research results, studies): 45 hours

- preparation for tutorials and seminars covered by scientific activity: 10 hours

- preparation to pass in the area of research and science aspects for a given subject: 10 hours

- writing reports on tutorials covered by scientific activity: 3 hours

The total amount of student work associated with the conducted research is 115 hours, which corresponds to 4.60 ECTS points

4. Time required to prepare and participate in the assessment process:

- preparation for passing + credit: 8 hours

- reading the indicated literature: 10 hours

- preparation for the exam and exam: 10 hours

The total amount of student work involved in preparing for the participation in the assessment process is 28 hours, which corresponds to 1.12 ECTS points


5. Balance of student workload of a practical nature:

- participation in tutorials: 33 hours

The total student workload of a practical nature is 33 hours, which corresponds to 1.32 ECTS points


6. Time required for compulsory placement:

not applicable


Efekty uczenia się - wiedza:

(tylko po angielsku) W1: characterizes the structure and functions of organic compounds that are part of macromolecules, knows their role in the body - B K_W10

W2: describes the functions of lipids in the cellular and extracellular compartments - B K_W11

W3: describes the functions of polysaccharides in the cellular and extracellular compartments - B K_W11

W4: understands the importance of protein structure for its proper function and the influence of protein structure disturbances in pathological processes - B K_W12

W5: describes the structure as well as metabolic and regulatory functions of nucleotides - B K_W13

W6: knows the course of major catabolic and anabolic pathways - B K_W15

W7: knows the regulation of the main metabolic pathways, basic environmental and genetic disturbances of these pathways and diseases associated with these disorders - B K_W15

W8: describes the specificity of metabolic processes in the main organs and systems (liver, kidney, muscle, brain, fat tissue, intestine)- B K_W16

W9: characterizes the concept of oxidative potential of the body and oxidative stress, knows the physiological and pathological significance of free oxygen radicals, knows the antioxidant systems of the body - B K_W17

W10: describes the role of kidney in maintaining the body's water-electrolyte balance – B K_W01

W11: characterizes the participation of kidney in maintaining acid-base balance - B K_W02

W12:describes the molecular mechanisms of receiving a light stimulus - B K_W07


Efekty uczenia się - umiejętności:

(tylko po angielsku) U1: calculates molar and percentage concentrations of compounds measured in biological samples - B K_U03

U2: determines the pH of body fluids and the effect of pH changes on their properties - B K_U05

U3: predicts the direction of major metabolic pathways in cells and tissues depending on the energy demand - B K_U06

U4: uses qualitative and quantitative analysis, colorimetry, pH-parameters, protein electrophoresis, analyzes and interprets the results obtained - B K_U09

U5: uses analytical balance, spectrophotometer, pH-meter and evaluates the accuracy of measurements – B K_U10


Efekty uczenia się - kompetencje społeczne:

(tylko po angielsku) K1: is aware of the limitations of the scope of his knowledge and of the necessity of its permanent supplementing - K_K01

K2: has the need and ability to constantly supplement his knowledge - K_K08


Metody dydaktyczne:

(tylko po angielsku) Lecture:

expository teaching methods - informative (traditional) lecture with multimedia presentation, problem-based teaching methods - discussion method

seminar:

expository teaching methods - a talk, problem-based teaching methods - classic problem method, discussion method, case method, discovery teaching methods - project method

tutorial:

expository teaching methods - explanation, problem-based teaching methods – classic problem method, didactic discussion, discovery teaching methods - laboratory practicals, practical exercises, demonstration


Metody dydaktyczne eksponujące:

- pokaz

Metody dydaktyczne podające:

- pogadanka
- wykład informacyjny (konwencjonalny)
- wykład konwersatoryjny
- wykład problemowy

Metody dydaktyczne poszukujące:

- ćwiczeniowa
- doświadczeń
- klasyczna metoda problemowa
- laboratoryjna
- obserwacji
- projektu
- studium przypadku

Skrócony opis: (tylko po angielsku)

„Biochemistry” course is carried out in the second semester. It consists of 30 hours of lectures, 33 hours of tutorials, and 12 hours of seminars. The aim of the course is to prepare students for learning clinical subjects, as well as to work in a future profession. The topics provided allow to learn the course of major metabolic pathways, their regulation, the specificity of biochemical changes in the main tissues and systems of the human body, as well as understanding the role of disorders of these processes in the development of major metabolic diseases of environmental and genetic origin.

Pełny opis: (tylko po angielsku)

Lectures:

1. Glucose as a source of ATP - reactions of glycolysis, substrate phosphorylation, regulation of glycolysis. Glycolysis under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis in the red blood cell. Entering fructose and galactose in glycolysis. Disturbances of fructose and galactose metabolism. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and the regulation of this process.

2. Pentose phosphate pathway, its special role in the body, disorders resulting from the lack of NADPH synthesis. The major metabolic pathways of the red blood cell. The course and regulation of gluconeogenesis.

3. Synthesis and degradation of glycogen, diseases resulting from disorders of glycogen metabolism. Hormonal regulation of the glucose level in the blood - the role of insulin, glucagon, adrenaline.

4. The tricarboxylic acid cycle - the energy gain of the cycle. Mitochondrial transmembrane transport systems and NADH transport shuttles. The respiratory chain, inhibitors and compounds uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Cell bioenergetics, the final ATP yield of oxidation of the glucose molecule. Reactive oxygen species generation. Cell damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant defense.

5. The role of carnitine in the transport of fatty acids. β-oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Energy balance of β-oxidation. β-oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms in the chain. Metabolism of ketone bodies.

6. Synthesis and elongation of fatty acids, formation of unsaturated bonds. The role of arachidonic acid - the synthesis of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes) and their biochemical significance. Synthesis of glycerolphospholipids and sphingolipids.

7. Transport of cholesterol in blood by lipoproteins. Dyslipoproteinaemias. The synthesis of cholesterol and the regulation of this process in the human body. Biosynthesis of bile acids and regulation of this process.

8. Biosynthesis of nutritionally non-essential amino acids in the human body. The most important enzymes involved in the transformation of amino acids and the removal of amine nitrogen. The urea cycle.

9. Catabolism of amino acids. Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. Selected metabolic disorders in the catabolism of amino acids. Amino acid transformations into biologically important, specialized products. Metabolism of single-carbon residues. The role of one-carbon residues in the biosynthesis of biologically important compounds.

10. Nomenclature and structure of purine and pyrimidine bases, including atypical ones. Synthesis of purines and pyrimidines and regulation of these processes. Catabolism of purine and pyrimidine bases. Selected diseases associated with disorders of purine

catabolism.

11. Synthesis and catabolism of heme, regulation of these processes. Bilirubin transport in plasma, the role of the liver in conjugation of bilirubin. Enterohepatic circulation of bile compounds. Hyperbilirubinemias. Diagnostic significance of total bilirubin, bilirubin differentiation between indirect (free) and direct (bound) bilirubin. The diagnostic role of indirect and direct bilirubin.

12. Liver as the metabolic center of the body. The role of the liver in detoxification processes. The role of the liver in maintaining the proper level of glucose in the blood.

13. Biochemical function of the kidney. Diagnostic significance of metabolites excreted in the urine.

14. Classification of hormones. The most important hormones affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Synthesis of thyroid hormones.

15. Metabolic profile of major organs and tissues. Summary of metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids in liver, brain, skeletal muscle, myocardium and kidney cells. Links between the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. Compounds and processes that are a source of ATP for skeletal muscle cells at rest and during work - sprint and marathon. Metabolic changes occurring during fasting and after a meal. Metabolic changes accompanying type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Seminars:

1. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism - selected diseases.

2. Lipid metabolism disorders - selected diseases.

3. Amino acid metabolism disorders - selected diseases.

4. Medical aspects of major metabolic disorders in selected organs.

Tutorials:

1. Some properties of disaccharides and polysaccharides.

2. Glucose tolerance test.

3. Physico-chemical properties of lipids.

4. Lipidogram.

5. Biological oxidation.

6. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the urine of a healthy person.

7. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of urine in selected diseases.

8. Diagnosis of jaundice.

9. Diagnostic parameters of blood in kidney diseases.

10. Diagnostic enzymes of blood in liver diseases.

11. Revision.

Literatura: (tylko po angielsku)

1) Leading textbook:

Rodwell VW, Bender D, Botham KM, Kennelly PJ, Weil PA. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Edition, McGraw-Hell Mecical 2015 (or 31th Edition, 2018)

2) Supplementary handbooks:

Lieberman M, Peet A. Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry. A Clinical Approach, 5th Edition, Wolters Kluwer 2018

Ferrier DR. Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry, 7th Edition, Wolters Kluwer 2017

Ronner P. Netter’s Essential Biochemistry, Elsevier 2018

Metody i kryteria oceniania: (tylko po angielsku)

1. Intrasemestral test (MCQ): W1-W12, U1-U3, K1, K2.

In the case of the intrasemestral test, the points obtained are converted into grades according to the following scale:

% points Grade

92-100 Very good

84-91 Good plus

76-83 Good

68-75 Satisfactory plus

56-67 Satisfactory

0-55 Fail

2. Oral or written answer (evaluation of active participation and preparation for the classes): W1-W12, U1-U5, K1, K2.

In order to pass the student must get a minimum of 60% of the points from the answer.

In the case of an oral or written answer to the assessment of the learning outcomes achieved by the student, the following criteria are applied:

- credit in the case when: the student knows the basic issues and has mastered the program minimum, understands the questions asked, presents his knowledge in a logical and systematic way, can practically apply the acquired knowledge;

- failure to pass if: the student has not mastered the program minimum, does not understand the questions, provides answers not on the subject, does not properly use the basic vocabulary, can not practically apply the acquired knowledge.

3. Focused observation of the student’s activity while performing practical tasks: U1, U2, U4, U5.

In order to pass the student must get a minimum of 60% of points for a properly completed activity.

4. Report: W1-W12, U1, U2, U4, U5, K1, K2.

In order to pass the student must get a minimum of 60% of points for the presented report on the tutorials.

5. Oral presentation: W1-W12, U3, K1, K2.

In order to pass the student must get a minimum of 60% of points for the presentation.

6. Activity – extended observation: K1, K2.

In order to pass the student must get a minimum of 50%.

Praktyki zawodowe: (tylko po angielsku)

not applicable

Przedmiot nie jest oferowany w żadnym z aktualnych cykli dydaktycznych.
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Właścicielem praw autorskich jest Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
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